1.Introduction
Field crops with irrigation in the GAP region to begin a turn after the fruit will be. Economic and ecological conditions, land suitable for cultivation of fruit that is available in our region. Has the potential of our country in this very large fruit growing and using appropriate varieties for fresh consumption and industrial production is possible to do.
Apricots, dried, canned and fresh fruit is a type that can be consumed throughout the year. Spain first in world ranked table Kays and foreign sales to these countries Italy, Greece and France are examined. Turkey is located in the first dry dışsatımında Kays and holds 80% of this market. In our country, dry farming to more intensive farming Kays Malatya region is ta be done in the GAP Region and an important place in the production of fresh table grapes Kays will share.
2. IMPORTANT VARIETIES
GAP Regional Development Administration was made by the head of the research results according to the region Canino apricot varieties, Foulon J, Colomer and Precoce also been identified as Screare.
Also KHGM research by the Institute of Sanliurfa da Sekerpare, Hasanbey, Alyanak, Karacabey, Tokaloğlu (Yalova), Stark Early Orange, Paviot, Damascus, İmrahor, Rewkosy, Ungar-Best, Wilsondelicious, Aprikoz varieties can be recommended for our region between varieties are included.
3. CLIMATE AND SOIL REQUESTS
3.1 Climate Request
Winters are relatively cold, summers are warm climate regions of the highest quality fruit grown Kays in the summer months to mature atmosphere must be dry. Humid and foggy weather last spring, where freckles disease (Sclerotinia) shall be kept and fruit quality decreases. Therefore, the gardens are well ventilated area should be dry. It also freezes as late spring after flowering almond fruit of its kind anywhere, this is the limit be raised.
Climatic factors that adversely affect the production of apricot extreme cold in winter, late spring freeze, summer months are the cool and rainy pass. In this respect, the GAP region has a very favorable climatic conditions.
Request in terms of rainfall until apricots almonds, and even in some cases it is based on the more arid.
3.2 Land Request
Apricot deep, permeable, with well ventilated, warm and rich in nutrients, the fine-textured, calcareous soils with the best ting ting with or grows. Apricots, do not like very wet heavy soil. These soils, but is content to grow the vaccine on the main process can continue.
4. CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
Reproduction and use of 4.1 Broodstock
Apricot varieties are replicated with the vaccine. The most appropriate Kaysının replicated vaccine, the vaccine is still observed. Vaccines typically made from a height of 10-15 cm from soil surface is higher in the winter cold from last place to instill new body would be safer to constitute from Zerdali.
Parcels are planted to the surprise of seeds Çöğür pan or as in peach seeds can be added during the on-site will be vaccinated. Second application would be acquired and one year.
As rootstocks for apricot Zerdali, mirobolan plum, almond and peach are used. However, in the selection of rootstocks soil conditions, pests in the soil, trees take in the future expected size and shape and quality of fruit being used plays a big role.
Correspond to variations in culture, and even dry on the development of pen based on the terms terms Kays is the best rootstock Zerdali. As these rootstocks resistant nemotoda sees deep and permeable soils preferred. It grows in salty soil, and even partly chalky.
Calcareous and stony ground almonds as kaysıya rootstock is used, but with almonds should not be forgotten kaysıların not always match.
As rootstocks for apricot, especially alüviyal soils, with peach rootstocks used in most of the time even though it does not match well with apricots. Moist soils and heavy use of plum as a rootstock kaysıya is a necessity.
4.2. Garden Plant
During the main process plant on Zerdali trees should be left between the 10 X 10, these 8 X 8 may be content on the main process. Non-irrigated areas and the distance ranges, 1.5 or 2 times will be removed
Plantains, warm winter garden in last place in the fall, spring defoliation by eye until the last period of the drive is planted. However, in these conditions, the better, that is the beginning of the winter planting of seedlings is done when they enter the winter rest.
4.3 Annual Maintenance Works
4.3.1.Toprak processing
Open the first few years after planting in the garden apricot cultivation is performed. Then, in the gardens of the addition of a temporary cover crop would be useful.
Abundant water in the garden in permanent pasture land where arable. Arid areas and the kind of material as well as the amount of fruit needed malçlamanın fruit was found to make a positive impact on the massiveness.
After defoliation in the fall garden as superficial or small garden Cultivator plow is driven by. Spring comes to the gurgle of the size of hazelnuts and weeds out the majority of that rainfall is abundant in the period, while still in the same way search is driven. Wood belle bottoms are processed.
4.3.2 Irrigation
Fruit of the summer circuit becomes large and mature becomes irrigation is required. Irrigation facilities are located in areas where soil permeability, temperature and evaporation taking into account the irrigation intensity should be designated intervals.
Irrigation water during 1,50-1,80 m. found that most of the soil root zone is asked to reach. The benefits of irrigation often instead yüzlek damage.
4.3.3 Fertilization
Plants grown in gardens cover a temporary need for a large portion of organic matter trees will be satisfied.
Apricot orchards every three years, a 3 tons per acre of farm yard manure should be given and, each year of fertilizer per tree for each tree age with 100 gr account (eg: 10-year-old tree 1 kg) giving useful.
Phosphorous fertilizers in the fall from the tree trunk 1-1.5 m. will open out into the band is given as an arc, nitrogen fertilizer in the spring at the beginning of March, 1 / 2 sini, beginning May 1 / 2 to the URL must be given as spreaders.
4.3.4 Pruning
Goble free ads apricot trees, various peaks and horizontal palmette shaped branched crowned. Crown shape of trees with the aim of pruning during the main and side branches were lying on the open-mouthed in the same direction with branches close to each other prolonged cutting of the shoots of growth has been encouraging and a good garden is established.
Pruning of trees and the two products based on efficient occur on older branches, taking into account the protection of effort dalcık Therefore kaysılarda dalcık diluted should be made. However, the inside of the crown of the pruning good to see the light and the establishment of these branches will help.
Trees grow older also starts to decrease the length of new shoots. Development should demonstrate a 40-75 cm shoots that grow up to now is not more severe pruning should be done to. In apricot pruning wounds must be closed putty.
4.3.5 Dilution
Dilution in apricot ones are more fresh consumption. Dried ones are made
Dilution increases the massiveness of fruit, fruit on the tree branches and provides a good way to spread improves the quality of the fruit.
Best time of dilution of apricot kernel when it is getting harder. Dilution during the berries must be cut, large ones should be left and should be diluted with 4-8 cm distance.
4.3.6 for Herekle
Trees grow and grow older branches, leaves and fruit hangs down with its weight. More towards the maturity of the product, especially increased risk of breaking branches to prevent it by giving branch breakages heren is prevented.
4.3.7 Disease and Pests in War
1. In autumn, the leaves fall kızılleke branch blight 1 Bordeaux gruel or 2%
2. Copper drugs (50% metallic)
2. In spring, before buds swell shelled Bit 1 Susracide 40 EC
2. Suprathion 40 EC
3. In spring when the buds swell kızılleke branch blight 1 Bordeaux gruel or 1%
2. Copper drugs (50% metallic)
4. Brown buds swell in spring when the buds caterpillar 1 Decís 2 * 5 EC
2. Lebaycid 50% EM
3. Thiodon 35 EC
4. Zolone 35 EC
5. Gusathion% 20 EM
6. DDVP 50% EM
7. Gusathion 525 WP
5. 1-2% when the flowers open Monilya (Flowering persists 10-12 days to make a second medication.) 1 Benomyil (Benlate)
2. Thiophanate methyl
3. Carbenzadin
4. Vinlozolin
6. When it comes to olive fruit seed Kızılleke massiveness 1 Dodine 65 W
2. Zineb 65% WP
3. Thira 80% WP
4.3.8 Harvest
Ecological conditions and used apricot trees 3-5 years old according anaca begins to give fruit. Usually the full product from the tenth year is taken. Fifty years after the fall begins to yield fruits.
Yield per tree, maintenance conditions and vary according to ecological conditions. 74.86 kg yield per tree from Canino variety were taken.
To be transported long distances to the table and yet kaysılar and background color when the hard part is collected when yellow. Canned fruit softening begins and maturity of kaysılarda until we receive the color is left. Fully mature on the tree until the dried fruits kaysılarda is left.
Harvested from a tree is 3 times as normal. Can be repeated in more.
Selected sizes (extra, 1st class, II class), or 4-6 kilograms of separated kaysılar basket tray placed on a pound. Extra fruit will be stacked in single file as a straight or diagonal. 30 x 40 x and also packaging Kays 30 x 50 cm trays in the neck is most favorable.
Apricots should not keep a long time in the market to prevent build-and long-distance referred to as zero maturity 7-10 days old were collected kaysıları it is possible to store
Field crops with irrigation in the GAP region to begin a turn after the fruit will be. Economic and ecological conditions, land suitable for cultivation of fruit that is available in our region. Has the potential of our country in this very large fruit growing and using appropriate varieties for fresh consumption and industrial production is possible to do.
Apricots, dried, canned and fresh fruit is a type that can be consumed throughout the year. Spain first in world ranked table Kays and foreign sales to these countries Italy, Greece and France are examined. Turkey is located in the first dry dışsatımında Kays and holds 80% of this market. In our country, dry farming to more intensive farming Kays Malatya region is ta be done in the GAP Region and an important place in the production of fresh table grapes Kays will share.
2. IMPORTANT VARIETIES
GAP Regional Development Administration was made by the head of the research results according to the region Canino apricot varieties, Foulon J, Colomer and Precoce also been identified as Screare.
Also KHGM research by the Institute of Sanliurfa da Sekerpare, Hasanbey, Alyanak, Karacabey, Tokaloğlu (Yalova), Stark Early Orange, Paviot, Damascus, İmrahor, Rewkosy, Ungar-Best, Wilsondelicious, Aprikoz varieties can be recommended for our region between varieties are included.
3. CLIMATE AND SOIL REQUESTS
3.1 Climate Request
Winters are relatively cold, summers are warm climate regions of the highest quality fruit grown Kays in the summer months to mature atmosphere must be dry. Humid and foggy weather last spring, where freckles disease (Sclerotinia) shall be kept and fruit quality decreases. Therefore, the gardens are well ventilated area should be dry. It also freezes as late spring after flowering almond fruit of its kind anywhere, this is the limit be raised.
Climatic factors that adversely affect the production of apricot extreme cold in winter, late spring freeze, summer months are the cool and rainy pass. In this respect, the GAP region has a very favorable climatic conditions.
Request in terms of rainfall until apricots almonds, and even in some cases it is based on the more arid.
3.2 Land Request
Apricot deep, permeable, with well ventilated, warm and rich in nutrients, the fine-textured, calcareous soils with the best ting ting with or grows. Apricots, do not like very wet heavy soil. These soils, but is content to grow the vaccine on the main process can continue.
4. CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES
Reproduction and use of 4.1 Broodstock
Apricot varieties are replicated with the vaccine. The most appropriate Kaysının replicated vaccine, the vaccine is still observed. Vaccines typically made from a height of 10-15 cm from soil surface is higher in the winter cold from last place to instill new body would be safer to constitute from Zerdali.
Parcels are planted to the surprise of seeds Çöğür pan or as in peach seeds can be added during the on-site will be vaccinated. Second application would be acquired and one year.
As rootstocks for apricot Zerdali, mirobolan plum, almond and peach are used. However, in the selection of rootstocks soil conditions, pests in the soil, trees take in the future expected size and shape and quality of fruit being used plays a big role.
Correspond to variations in culture, and even dry on the development of pen based on the terms terms Kays is the best rootstock Zerdali. As these rootstocks resistant nemotoda sees deep and permeable soils preferred. It grows in salty soil, and even partly chalky.
Calcareous and stony ground almonds as kaysıya rootstock is used, but with almonds should not be forgotten kaysıların not always match.
As rootstocks for apricot, especially alüviyal soils, with peach rootstocks used in most of the time even though it does not match well with apricots. Moist soils and heavy use of plum as a rootstock kaysıya is a necessity.
4.2. Garden Plant
During the main process plant on Zerdali trees should be left between the 10 X 10, these 8 X 8 may be content on the main process. Non-irrigated areas and the distance ranges, 1.5 or 2 times will be removed
Plantains, warm winter garden in last place in the fall, spring defoliation by eye until the last period of the drive is planted. However, in these conditions, the better, that is the beginning of the winter planting of seedlings is done when they enter the winter rest.
4.3 Annual Maintenance Works
4.3.1.Toprak processing
Open the first few years after planting in the garden apricot cultivation is performed. Then, in the gardens of the addition of a temporary cover crop would be useful.
Abundant water in the garden in permanent pasture land where arable. Arid areas and the kind of material as well as the amount of fruit needed malçlamanın fruit was found to make a positive impact on the massiveness.
After defoliation in the fall garden as superficial or small garden Cultivator plow is driven by. Spring comes to the gurgle of the size of hazelnuts and weeds out the majority of that rainfall is abundant in the period, while still in the same way search is driven. Wood belle bottoms are processed.
4.3.2 Irrigation
Fruit of the summer circuit becomes large and mature becomes irrigation is required. Irrigation facilities are located in areas where soil permeability, temperature and evaporation taking into account the irrigation intensity should be designated intervals.
Irrigation water during 1,50-1,80 m. found that most of the soil root zone is asked to reach. The benefits of irrigation often instead yüzlek damage.
4.3.3 Fertilization
Plants grown in gardens cover a temporary need for a large portion of organic matter trees will be satisfied.
Apricot orchards every three years, a 3 tons per acre of farm yard manure should be given and, each year of fertilizer per tree for each tree age with 100 gr account (eg: 10-year-old tree 1 kg) giving useful.
Phosphorous fertilizers in the fall from the tree trunk 1-1.5 m. will open out into the band is given as an arc, nitrogen fertilizer in the spring at the beginning of March, 1 / 2 sini, beginning May 1 / 2 to the URL must be given as spreaders.
4.3.4 Pruning
Goble free ads apricot trees, various peaks and horizontal palmette shaped branched crowned. Crown shape of trees with the aim of pruning during the main and side branches were lying on the open-mouthed in the same direction with branches close to each other prolonged cutting of the shoots of growth has been encouraging and a good garden is established.
Pruning of trees and the two products based on efficient occur on older branches, taking into account the protection of effort dalcık Therefore kaysılarda dalcık diluted should be made. However, the inside of the crown of the pruning good to see the light and the establishment of these branches will help.
Trees grow older also starts to decrease the length of new shoots. Development should demonstrate a 40-75 cm shoots that grow up to now is not more severe pruning should be done to. In apricot pruning wounds must be closed putty.
4.3.5 Dilution
Dilution in apricot ones are more fresh consumption. Dried ones are made
Dilution increases the massiveness of fruit, fruit on the tree branches and provides a good way to spread improves the quality of the fruit.
Best time of dilution of apricot kernel when it is getting harder. Dilution during the berries must be cut, large ones should be left and should be diluted with 4-8 cm distance.
4.3.6 for Herekle
Trees grow and grow older branches, leaves and fruit hangs down with its weight. More towards the maturity of the product, especially increased risk of breaking branches to prevent it by giving branch breakages heren is prevented.
4.3.7 Disease and Pests in War
1. In autumn, the leaves fall kızılleke branch blight 1 Bordeaux gruel or 2%
2. Copper drugs (50% metallic)
2. In spring, before buds swell shelled Bit 1 Susracide 40 EC
2. Suprathion 40 EC
3. In spring when the buds swell kızılleke branch blight 1 Bordeaux gruel or 1%
2. Copper drugs (50% metallic)
4. Brown buds swell in spring when the buds caterpillar 1 Decís 2 * 5 EC
2. Lebaycid 50% EM
3. Thiodon 35 EC
4. Zolone 35 EC
5. Gusathion% 20 EM
6. DDVP 50% EM
7. Gusathion 525 WP
5. 1-2% when the flowers open Monilya (Flowering persists 10-12 days to make a second medication.) 1 Benomyil (Benlate)
2. Thiophanate methyl
3. Carbenzadin
4. Vinlozolin
6. When it comes to olive fruit seed Kızılleke massiveness 1 Dodine 65 W
2. Zineb 65% WP
3. Thira 80% WP
4.3.8 Harvest
Ecological conditions and used apricot trees 3-5 years old according anaca begins to give fruit. Usually the full product from the tenth year is taken. Fifty years after the fall begins to yield fruits.
Yield per tree, maintenance conditions and vary according to ecological conditions. 74.86 kg yield per tree from Canino variety were taken.
To be transported long distances to the table and yet kaysılar and background color when the hard part is collected when yellow. Canned fruit softening begins and maturity of kaysılarda until we receive the color is left. Fully mature on the tree until the dried fruits kaysılarda is left.
Harvested from a tree is 3 times as normal. Can be repeated in more.
Selected sizes (extra, 1st class, II class), or 4-6 kilograms of separated kaysılar basket tray placed on a pound. Extra fruit will be stacked in single file as a straight or diagonal. 30 x 40 x and also packaging Kays 30 x 50 cm trays in the neck is most favorable.
Apricots should not keep a long time in the market to prevent build-and long-distance referred to as zero maturity 7-10 days old were collected kaysıları it is possible to store
